Development of Lemongrass Oil-Based Starch/PVA/Kaolin Films: Antimicrobial Properties and Biodegradability

Background and Objective: The development of antimicrobial plastic packaging is an active research area focused on enhancing food quality and shelf-life while addressing the environmental challenges posed by plastic waste. This study explored the antimicrobial and biodegradability properties of the CMS-based composite films. Materials and Methods: The CMS-based composite films were developed from carboxymethyl starch (CMS), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), kaolin and lemongrass oil (LGO) using solution-casting techniques. The films were characterized using SEM, XRD, TGA and DTA to assess their morphology, thermal stability and biodegradability. Antimicrobial properties were tested against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus using disk assays. Statistical analysis was performed using linear regression and ANOVA at p<0.05. Results: The results of SEM, XRD and thermal stability analysis showed that the films had good homogeneity, satisfactory surface morphology and relatively high thermal stability. Although LGO impacted the films’ morphology and thermal stability, these properties remained suitable for food packaging applications. The LGO-integrated films demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens at a concentration of 5.0 parts per hundred (pph) of LGO. All CMS-based composite films exhibited substantial biodegradability. Conclusion: Therefore, the LGO-incorporated CMS/PVA/kaolin composite film holds significant promise as a sustainable and innovative alternative to conventional plastics in food packaging. It offers a unique combination of biodegradability, antimicrobial properties and thermal stability, which can help reduce environmental pollution, enhance food safety and meet the growing demand for eco-friendly packaging solutions.